Everything You Need To Know About What is Revit

If you are an architecture student, then surely you must have heard of Autodesk Revit, haven’t you?  Well, the Indian education system is far behind in teaching various updated innovative construction technologies as compared to the U.S. standards. Agree? Being an engineering student, you must have heard Autodesk Revit but do you know the actual implementation of it? What is Revit? What are its benefits in construction?

Merely learning Revit won’t make you an Architect. During the engineering course, Revit often taught as an optional subject, but nowadays there is a huge demand of Revit in the construction sector. While various job listings and internships are asking for Revit. NIBT truly understands the need for an hour and has launched eLearning portal that teaches every single construction management technologies. And therefore Learning Revit with NIBT is no longer optional for the Engineering students. Let’s start with What is Revit? Check out our detailed article.

What is Revit?

Let us start with Basics of Revit.

Revit is a computer software mainly used to design buildings mechanical parts and also many other designs based on Civil, Mechanical and Electrical engineering. Autodesk Revit Architecture is a comprehensive architectural design and also documentation software application created by Autodesk for architects and building experts.

In a very simple language, Revit is a tool used for 3D modeling visualization. Using the Revit software, you can create a virtual building design with all its properties. Just like a real building but in the virtual world!

Why Learn Revit?

By far, you must have understood what Revit is? Now let’s see the benefits of learning Revit.

With the advent of BIM (Building Information Modeling) in the modern construction sector, the construction industry has benefitted a lot regarding delivering quality and clash-free projects. Also, the projects are more productive and cost-efficient. Learning Revit and other new software certainly boost the project performance qualitatively and quantitatively.

Check out what Revit is?

Revit is not BIM, but its built for BIM. It is a software for BIM which helps designers design, simulate, visualize, coordinate and collaborate to capitalize on the benefits of the interconnected data within a BIM Model.

Advantages of Learning RevitIt is a software for BIM which helps designers design, simulate, visualize, coordinate and collaborate to capitalize on the benefits of the interconnected data within a BIM Model.

Gain exposure to BIM

Revit built for BIM; it is a software used in the entire BIM process. Learn Revit now, and you will gain confidence in manipulating the data with a BIM model and learn how the changes you make to one object in a model reflects automatically throughout the design. Learn Revit to boost your confidence.

Learn Revit Design skills that make you more valuable

Learning implementation of Revit with project-based Revit tutorials will not only give you real-world experiences but also creates digital drawings, 3D models, and other details. You will also learn the various design skills like floor design, walls, windows & doors plan, quantity take-off, scheduling, project cost-estimation and finally a 3D view of the project. Hence, These new design skills will allow you to apply your knowledge skills and set you apart from fellow interns.

Enhance your presentation skills

Once you gain confidence in learning designs and implementing it on the project, you will undoubtedly enhance your presentation skills with professional looking elevations, renders, and visualizations. Also, you will able to showcase your work confidently.

Who can learn Revit?

Architectures, Engineering students or the construction professionals in architecture, consulting and also construction firms who want to think of better careers and willing to upgrade their skill sets can also learn Revit.

Learning Objectives

• Understanding basics of Revit.
• Creation of the primary parametric family by using Revit
• Learning the Basic Editing Tools.
• How to start and set up new Project in Revit.
• Learning the Basic Revit MEP and architectural commands.

Categories of Revit

Revit is vast and varied in its scope. Fundamentally Revit can categorize into six division based on various trades:

1. Revit for Architecture

Learn many design skills like designing of walls, floor plans, door plans, cost-estimation and quantity takeoff can learned in Revit Architecture.

2. Revit for Structure

Everything related to the designing of columns & beams of a building can be learned in Revit Structure.

3. Revit for HVAC (Mechanical)

The overall Heating, ventilation and Air Conditioning of a building, have various tools, Duct types, spooling drawing can also learned in this category.

4. Revit for Electrical

The use and implementation of conduits, cable tray, electrical panels & circuiting are learned in Electrical

5. Revit for Fire-Protection

Fixing of various fire alarms, sprinklers in building security etc. can determined in Revit for Fire Protection (FP)

6. Revit for Plumbing

The different types of pipes used in building, materials, fitting & fixtures, Domestic pipes, venting systems and DWV pipe system can also learned in this category.

 Revit Training with NIBT eLearning

National Institute of Building Technology’s eLearning platform not only brings eLearning courses but also covers entire Revit categories from basics to advance in construction management. We are also introducing Revit training that will make online training interactive and entertaining. We have taken care that the learner with us is always in a flow to learn and never gets stuck-up/or feels boring anywhere and certainly gain detailed knowledge of what is Revit.

Let’s get to know what is Revit, its uses, benefits, and its working in a very simplified way only at NIBT!

The Revit tutorials introduce here is crisp and presented impressively, easy to understand and implement.

Sounds Interesting?

Click here to know more and JOIN us in an innovative revolution!

DISCOVER THE POWER OF SIMULATION IN CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE

This course goes from scratch with construction simulations, but needs to know how to model and should learn the fundamental skills with dynamo so they can develop further tools to their own interest.

What’s it about?

•       This course is designed to teach how to create construction simulations using several tools from Autodesk Suite.

•       BIM is gaining traction in current AEC (Architecture, Engineering, and Construction) industry. Therefore, each time more and more projects are developed over this method that alters the quality standards for construction and design. Construction Simulations are the tools that can communicate directly and graphically with everyone. Simulations go working with a normal typical workflow between Revit and Navisworks, linking the tasks with selection sets or by the parameters that can lead to taking a general decision.

The aim of this course:

•       Introduction to Navis basics

•       Linking time & object in Revit

•       Basic simulation on Navisworks

•       Improved simulation with selection sets

•       Simulation with parameter & rules

Who is this course designed for?

•       Construction Practitioners

•       Architects

•       Engineers

•       Builders, Constructors, and Architects that want to create simulations on more than just a relationship with plain tasks.

•       Constructors, Engineers, and Architects that had taken the Navisworks course but want to get closer to a 4D BIM estimation.

•       Designers who want to showcase their creativity to each client's expectation using a simulation of construction.

  

What’s involved?

•       The BIM technology and tools that you require are:

–      Revit

–      Excel

–      Navisworks 

Who can I be after this course?

•       Consider the following potential careers in near future after completion of this course:

–      BIMCoordinator

–      4D BIM Estimator

–      BIM Time Estimator

Introduction to Revit MEP Detailing/Annotation & Tagging

Explore Your Career in Revit MEP know what Annotation & Tagging Is?

A career in Service Detailing & Tagging is one of the most growing options in the current scenario. Making a career as a Detailer Experts needs patience as well as skills. In the following article, we will walk-through various career opportunities as well as benefits of Service Detailing in Revit MEP. Have a look!

Are you aware of Service Detailing or Annotation and Tagging in Revit MEP?

Let’s begin with knowing the concepts of Annotation and Tagging in Revit MEP

Annotation and Tagging is the concept used in Revit MEP where Tagging or a Tag is an Annotation. It recognizes the elements in the drawings. When a tag develops, the labels that added in the display represent the exact value of the desired component’s parameters. When the tag loads and gets placed in the project, the cost for the object’s corresponding parameters is showcasing by these tags.

In Revit MEP, a symbol is a graphic illustration of an annotation element or another object. Annotation scale in Revit MEP can utilize in getting the Generic Annotation that retains its actual size on paper. Thus, it means that Revit will compensate for the View Scale by scaling the annotation up.

Now check what is annotation family in Revit MEP?

In Revit MEP Annotation families can also be either graphics or symbolic, which respectively are being used in the project.

It can also split down into two primary classifications:

Annotations or Detailing the data of that report from the model.

An excellent example of one that does report data from the model is a Door Tag.

Whereas, an annotation that does not report data, a north arrow is a good example of an annotation family which is static and do not report data from the model.

In Revit MEP, an annotation is always a view specific element in 2D. They exist in views but don´t live in the 3D model like floating elements.

We can also differentiate 4 main blocks of Detailing or annotation families in Revit MEP:

• Generic detailing/annotations (mainly symbols)
• Tags
• Detail Items
• Title Blocks

The generic annotations and tags have general similarities including fix size and also are related to printing sizing. While, the detail Items sizes are changeable depending on the annotation scale of the project.

1. Generic Detailing or Annotation

Generic detailing/annotation signify a symbol which may either static graphical information or contains a label (description). A label is also known as a tag. It means a piece of text which is parametric and will update according to the final project data.

In generic detailing or annotations, tags are merely the placeholder to transcribe or to write something. In generic detailing for specific properties of elements, Labels or tags are not attached; therefore, it cannot read data from them.

Although in advanced family modeling, generic Detailing can also nest within model families and also work as nested detailing as it directly shows family data information.

Probably, Terminology is the most challenging aspect of working with generic annotation.

2. Tags

A Tag signifies an Annotation Family which inscribes data embedded inside a Model Element.

Construction records utilize all brands of tags- For Example Door tags, Window tags, Wall tags, and many more. Labels also used by Tags. Labels point the information of the host holder in tags.

The labels are a piece of name text that links to some properties in the model.

3. Detail items/detail components

In the above figure, the Detail elements known as families or objects that consists 2D elements. Detail elements can only display in view, in which they are placed in.

Unlike the model families, Detail families also get generated correspondingly (with reference planes controlling geometry). These are the 2D element, but with model dimensions. And therefore, they react to annotation scale changes.

Mask fields generate a white shade, while a fill region creates fill patterns.

    a. Repeating detail components

Repeating detail components are a particular way of nesting detail elements in a project. These are a sort of structured arrays, and their function is to support detail constructive drawings in projects.

These Components are system elements that apply some commands to load detail components. They are produced directly in a project.

4. Title Blocks

The Title Blocks are Detailer/annotation elements which are inside Revit MEP. It also has their own category; i.e., (same name: Title Blocks), and also are intended to be the design template for sheets.

Title Blocks are custom annotation families who have single unique feature; i.e., the external lines of the format determine the margins or borders of the sheet. They usually hold data about the design firm, about the projects and client.

As custom families, we can build them with any aspect that requires in a project.

Benefits of Detailing/Annotation in Revit MEP:

The intelligent, smart way of technical detailing in Revit MEP is to use objects. So now the puzzle is, how can we tag a line in Revit MEP?

The answer, you can’t!

Rather, build a line-based detail family, and consider yourself as an object, which can draw the same as a line. Though, it has more advantages…

Let’s check the Benefits:

• The line can be tagged
• The length can control numerically in the attributes.
• The line can also replace in multiple views with a different Family in a matter of seconds using the right click option > pick all instances to swap the Family or Type.
• The line can have different visibility states, i.e., Course, Medium and Fine.

Now check an overview of Revit Families

As you are now aware of the benefits of Detailing/Annotation Revit MEP, let’s now check the overview of Revit families.

Primarily, Revit families are a combination of objects that build a building element such as a desk or a window.

Revit families are the cornerstone of BIM. If you embed a family into a model, you can see a completely parametric, data-rich 3D objects that can change to anything that is hosting the family.

If you insert a window family into a wall, you don’t require telling the family what size the wall is. It just recognizes itself. But if you change the wall, the family automatically flexes against the wall.

There are a few different types of families:

Let’s start, with some of the categories-

1. System families- System families, consisting of walls, floors, roofs, stairs (including ramps.)
2. Hosted families- Hosted families, require a system family for existence. Primarily, all Revit MEP families need some host for presence. When you plan a hosted family in Revit MEP, it should face-based.

           (i) A face-based family-

A face-based family is the simplest method of hosting to walls, ceilings, or floors. A few face-based families are wall sconces, light switches, receptacles, or maybe ceiling-mounted projectors and lighting fixtures. Sidewall & ceiling-mounted air terminals.

          (ii) A work plane-based family

A floor plan or a level essentially host work plane-based family.

3. Parametric- They’re not just 3D!

• Families in Revit MEP are adjustable based on sizeable to flex to any situation, (automatically or manually)
• They are parameter driven
• It is definable- You can redefine a well-made family by duplicating its type.
• They are Data rich.

So, this was all about Revit Families. Hope you have got a proper idea on Annotation/Detailing, Tagging, Annotation families in Revit MEP and Revit families.

Sounds Interesting?

Well, if you want to make a career as an Expert in Service Detailing/Annotation, here is a bright chance to step your foot. Do you also think that the numbers, figures, and minute details on drawings can be your friends? Then check out this course by NIBT (National Institute of Building Technology)

The course offers a chance for you to be an expert detailer in software technologies like Revit,Bluebeam, AutoCAD, and Navisworks!

Further is an in-depth explanation of what the course offers.

Keep reading on!

Do you know that there are also excellent opportunities for Detailing or Annotation?

Course backgrounds:

NIBT helps in bridging the gap of employment skills and requirement of employers according to the current construction industry standards by providing Service Detailer in Revit MEP training course.

If your dream is to work with the International Projects, your skill sets must be higher according to their working levels as well as you should be apt in their modeling techniques, and fabrication logistics planning detailing.

In this field of Project Management or BIM Management, knowing Detailing (Annotation and tagging) services and having Revit MEP skill will significantly serve you greater opportunities that will help you in building your career as well as fulfilling your dreams.

Job Opportunities

On completion of the course, you will be liable for following career opportunities:

• Revit MEP Detailer Expert
• Structural Detailer in Revit
• Autodesk AutoCAD Detailer
• Revit Detailer Specialist

Who is this course designed for and Technology used?

The design of Detailer in Revit MEP Training course is for Diploma students, Graduates, Engineering students or Construction professional in architectural, consulting and construction firms.

To perceive better careers opportunities and to enhance their professional skill sets, join the Detailing & Annotation course!

Technologies used in Revit MEP Training:

1. Revit
2. Blue beam
3. AutoCAD
4. Naviswork

To conclude, the Detailing & Annotation course has tremendous advantages and benefits in Revit MEP. After completion of the course, there are bright career opportunities ahead. You can also get training for Quality Control (QC) Manager.

GIS (Geographic Information System) is In-Demand Career and has a Vast F...

You
think GIS is just a software/tool? NO! GIS is a computerized system which has a
substantial use in every single field you can think of!

GIS (Geographic Information System) is the method which helps to obtain, plan, analyze, and present geographical data in the form of maps.
There are multiple GIS applications in numerous fields and is expanding horizons over 70 arenas across the globe.
The GIS Career is enriching due to several GIS employment opportunities in Government and the private sector. With NIBT’s exclusive Training & 100 % placement program, map your future by joining NIBT Mangaluru!
Check out this video to know your scope @ https://goo.gl/gL6cMr

Handling Construction Schedule & Quickening Construction Cost

Quickening a construction schedule and reducing construction cost for a project appears to be entirely clear right? Work more, pay more, spare time, isn’t that so? Well, that is altogether close, but not exactly. Actually, without diving into this more, you could undoubtedly work more, spare time, and pay A LOT more. What’s the context regarding a construction project management? Give me a chance to clarify.

While quickening a construction project, it’s entirely clear as crystal that the activity’s costs will be affected by our choice to cut time from the construction schedule. In any case, the inquiry is, how are those prices affected and by what amount?

For most, we suspect that more work will bring about higher construction cost. Be that as it may, as in the example of the Northridge seismic earthquake, regularly the prizes far exceed the extra expense prompting an incredible payday.

How would we survey the effects of quickening construction cost and deal with a project?

How about we investigate just at the effects on construction schedule to coordinate costs? There are several scheduling mistakes to avoid.

Coordinate construction cost is continuously connected to a particular work thing in the construction schedule. The accompanying things fall into the class of direct costs for construction project contractual workers or proprietors:

• Work – work performed by businesses or workers to finish a specific occupation errand. Regularly followed and paid by the hour.
• Materials and Plant – concrete, rebar, basic steel, amble and complete units, for example, aeration and cooling systems or pumps, and so forth.
• Hardware – excavators, cranes, graders, and so on.
• Subcontractors – most General Contractors regard subcontracts as an immediate cost
• Various – licenses and expenses, lawful, counseling authorities contracted for a particular errand, and so forth.

Now that we’re sure about which construction cost we’re suggesting to, how about we talk about a casework situation.

Case – Accelerating Construction Schedule Work

Suppose we have a 12-day cast set up piece action. Our approximations say this is a 12-day action following the stipulated methodology. In any case, we might want to cut the length down to finish in 6 days.

The means associated with this action of construction project incorporates building shapes, introducing rebar, pouring the solid, completing the process of, stripping frames, re-shoring and finally stripping the re-shores.

Packing by 1 Day-

To spare 1 day on this movement, we may execute a fundamental change of methodology in the construction schedule. Maybe we settle on a stable blend with increasing speeds to saving money on curing. Another alternative may be to expand laborer’s time from 8 hr. /d to 10 hr. /d. Both of these options are genuinely economical to accomplish the 1 day of time reserve funds in a construction project. Our approximation is a cost increment by 10%.

Compacting by 3 Days-

To pack the action by 3 days, we’ll utilize the same recommendation from the past – settling on an exceptional robust blend. We’ll additionally need to build laborer’s time to 10 hr. /d and Saturdays should be working. With the extra daily hours and working weekend, we now acquire additional costs (x 1.5) for our group. For this situation, our construction cost increment by 17%.

Packing by 6 Days-

We’re presently conceptualizing and executing numerous systems to achieve our objective of decreasing the movement to 6 days from unique 12 days. Maybe we need to actualize the other framework or acquire crane pump rather than crane and container in the construction project.

Despite everything, we need to utilize the quicker curing concrete and support extra hours and a working weekend. Coordinate construction cost has now expanded by 70% on this event to accomplish a 6-day time reserve fund.

As we want to reduce the activity in the construction project schedule more, we select to actualize the cheapest choices. Be that as it may, to spare increasingly time, our restricted alternatives turn out to be increasingly costly. Additionally, our possible vital decisions end up plainly lesser (and perhaps more mind-boggling).

In a complex circumstance, for coordinate construction cost, the relationship of Duration to Costs is found the inverse. As we compress the Task Duration, Costs increment, maybe exponentially relying on how far we go.

Packing a construction schedule of a project requires a particular procedure that takes a glance at both span and construction cost and impacts with a specific end goal to upgrade the two. Apparently, if costs aren’t a worry, at that point you can consolidate essentially. As a rule, Direct Costs are firmly overseen so you’ll need to ascertain the substantial cost effect of compacting an undertaking to hold your financial plan and construction schedule within proper limits.

This case was based on content from the book ‘Construction Scheduling’ and Control by Dr. Saleh Mubarak.

So, this post was regarding the construction schedule and the costs of a construction project. Please comment your views on it.

The Essential Basics of Financial Management Systems

The primary focus of Financial Management is on creating shareholder value. The course includes sources of financing as well as the necessary business techniques. These references and methods get used in making decisions about costing and budgeting, pricing and investments.

In fact, there is no model of a financial management system that suits all the organizations. Although, some basics need to be in place to achieve good practice in management. For this, you can do a proper financial management course too.

Financial Management

Financial management is more than maintaining accounting records. Also, it is a crucial part of organizational management. Therefore, it can’t be seen as a separate task to be left to finance team. That is why, financial management involves planning, organizing, monitoring and controlling resources to achieve organizational objectives.

You can accomplish efficient financial management system only if you have a sound organizational plan. A plan in this relation means having fixed goals. These goals must be agreed, developed and evaluated according to the strategies, policies, tactics, and actions.

Sound financial management will indulge you in long-term strategic planning and short-term operations planning. This business strategy should become a part of your organization’s ongoing planning process.

Guiding Principles for Financial Management Systems

• Consistency: Your financial management strategies and systems must endure consistency over time.
• Accountability: You must be able to describe and demonstrate to all stakeholders about the use of sources and the accomplishments.
• Transparency: Your company must be open about its work and finances, making information available to all stakeholders.
• Integrity: Individuals in your organization must operate with honesty and dignity.
• Financial stewardship: Your company must take good care of the provided financial resources. It should ensure that their intended purpose is fulfilled.
• Accounting standards: Your organization’s policy for keeping financial records and documentation must observe accepted external accounting standards.

Course details

NIBT has designed the financial management course for the construction industry professionals who are not financial managers. The principles of financing, accounting and economics are covered in the syllabus.

After completion of this course, you can make decisions, proposals, and explanations. Financial management course will certainly help you develop and sharpen your business expertise.

The professionals who want a career in banking, personal finance, corporate finance, and accountant can opt this course and do a better job.

Benefits of excellent financial management

The proper financial management system will help your organization in following ways:

• Financial management system makes productive and efficient use of resources.
• An accomplishment of goals and fulfilled commitments to all stakeholders.
• Financial management becomes extra accountable to subscribers and other stakeholders.
• Earn respect and confidence of funding businesses, associates, and beneficiaries.
• Gain an advantage in the competition for frequently scarce resources.
• Financial management system plans for long-term fiscal sustainability.

The main objectives of financial management course are:

• Introduction to financial management & principles.
• Learn the roles of the corporate financial management system.
• Purpose of the principles of shareholder and stakeholder value-based financial management.
• The effective interest rates and financial markets have on organizational financial performance.
• How to perform financial ratio analysis.
• How to apply the principles of financial planning and control.

Opportunities

BIM technology and the tools that you will require for accomplishing your finance management based on your project.

A career in financial management can take you all the way to the top. Learn more about the education and training you need for this lucrative profession with NIBT.

Consider following potential opportunities after completion of financial management course:

• Accounts Executive
• Accounts Manager
• Finance Manager
• Project Manager
• Financial Management Analyst

 Conclusion

The Financial Management describes the essential processes in managing the financial aspect of the organization. It further addresses financial risk as part of these methods and discusses the means to measure the value realized from the Construction industry. Financial management performs construction accounting and reporting.

Techniques used for approximate construction estimation and costing

Construction cost estimation is the conjecture of the price of a program, project, or operation. The budget is the product of the estimating and costing process. Also, the cost estimate has a single total value and may have identifiable element values.

The cost estimation is the tool to decide. In case of commercial projects, you can check the net income earned justifies the money spent or not.

Primarily, the practical experience and cost of comparable works help in preparing approximate cost estimation. Further, a report accompanies the construction cost estimation by correctly describing requirement and efficiency of the project, with a site plan or layout.

Techniques of Estimated Construction Cost Estimation Preparation

Most noteworthy, the following are the processes in use for the preparation of approximate construction cost estimation:

1. Plinth area method
2. Cubical contents method
3. Unit base method

• Plinth area method:

The definition of the construction’s value is multiplying plinth area with plinth area rate. So, the area we get by multiplying length and breadth (outer dimensions of a building) is the value.

In determining the plinth area rate, accurate observation and necessary inquiries are done concerning quality and quantity perspective of materials and labor, type of foundation, the height of a building, roof, woodwork, fixtures, number of storeys, etc.

• Cubical Contents Method:

Multi-storeyed buildings usually use this technique. The estimation of construction cost is almost as the entire cubical contents (Volume of buildings) multiplied by Local Cubic Rate.  We obtain the volume of the building by multiplying length x breadth x depth or height.

• Unit Base Method:

According to this method, the cost of the structure is defined by multiplying the total number of units with a unit rate of each item. Therefore, the unit rate estimated by dividing the actual expense incurred or cost of related building in the nearby region by the number of units.

Hence, cost estimation is the technique of calculating or computing the various quantities and the expected expenditure to be incurred on a particular work or project.

Need for estimation and costing

• Cost estimation gives an idea of the work, and hence it’s feasible and can determine, whether the funds available are sufficient to practice a project or not.
• Cost estimation gives a sense of the time required for the completion of the work.
• Estimation and costing needed to control the expenses during the execution of the work.

Course design

Every building has its price whereas accurate forecasting of the cost of future projects is an essential skill for civil engineers and cost estimators.  Therefore, this course focuses on approaches to cost estimation and schedules for any project.

The course is specially designed for

• Business owners
• Estimators
• Builders
• Civil Engineers
• Architectural Students
• Construction Professionals
• Project Managers
• Project Coordinators
• Site and Work Managers

Opportunities

There is a vast opportunity in future. Therefore NIBT is imparting the course and the knowledge to you and helping you to make a potential career.

Afterwards, you could find yourself as an Expert Construction Estimator, Expert Cost Estimator or Project Manager.

The Benefits and the Advantages of Estimation and Costing are

Estimation and costing and valuation are a vital part of civil engineering. Estimation and costing help us to estimate the entire cost of construction, and after that, the engineer receives a  certain percentage of the project cost.

• Cost Estimation helps us in evaluating the number of materials, labor needed for work.
• Cost Estimation Tells us the approximate amount of materials, labor required. Estimation and costing give us the estimated overall cost of the building.
• Estimation and costing also give us details of materials, reinforcements, etc., which helps in the smooth procurement of materials.
• It gives an approximate timeline of which work is necessary and urgent.
• Estimation and costing or Valuation helps in understanding market rates and estimating the market value of a particular property.

Conclusion

Adopting an approach, as per the principles of financial management is a must. Where assets get the design as per the reliability in estimation and costing, it proves beneficial in future.

Hence, using estimation and costing methods of whole life cycle costing, ensuring accuracy in assessment of quantities, efficiency in the prediction of rates can make significant savings over the life of the assets and making a correct decision, should be adopted by all quality surveyors.